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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Draft (engineering)</span></span>
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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="Draft_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Draft (disambiguation)">Draft (disambiguation)</a>.</div>
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<p>In <a href="Engineering" title="Engineering">engineering</a>, <b>draft</b> is the amount of taper for <a href="Molding_(process)" title="Molding (process)">molded</a> or <a href="Casting" title="Casting">cast</a> parts perpendicular to the <a href="Parting_line" title="Parting line">parting line</a>. It can be measured in <a href="Degree_(angle)" title="Degree (angle)">degrees</a> or mm/mm (in/in).
</p><p>Consider the fabrication of a hollow plastic box, without lid. Once the plastic has hardened around the mold, the mold must be removed. As the plastic hardens, it may contract slightly. By tapering the sides of the mold by an appropriate "draft angle", for instance 2° (two degrees), the mold will be easier to remove. This is a practice that is used, in applicable cases, when working with fiberglass.
</p><p>If the mold is to be removed from the top, the box should taper in towards the bottom, such that measuring the bottom internal dimension will yield a smaller length and width than measuring the top from which the mold is extracted.
</p><p>By specifying the opening length and width, a draft angle, and a depth, it is not necessary to specify the <a href="Dimension" title="Dimension">dimensions</a> for the internal surface, as these may be calculated from the above.
</p><p>The manufacture of a part that incorporates zero or negative angles may require a mold that can be separated into two or more parts, in order to release the casting.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>
<ul><li>Draft and draft angle images from the Bayer Material Science website <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080828091022/http://www.bayermaterialsciencenafta.com/checklist/draft_angle.html">[1]</a>. Retrieved 2009-09-18.</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.toolingu.com/definition-500255-54059-draft-angle.html">http://www.toolingu.com/definition-500255-54059-draft-angle.html</a></li></ul>
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</style><div id="Metalworking238" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Metalworking" title="Metalworking">Metalworking</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Casting55" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Metal_casting" title="Metal casting">Casting</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Processes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Centrifugal_casting_(industrial)" title="Centrifugal casting (industrial)">Centrifugal</a></li>
<li><a href="Continuous_casting" title="Continuous casting">Continuous</a></li>
<li><a href="Die_casting" title="Die casting">Die</a></li>
<li><a href="Evaporative-pattern_casting" title="Evaporative-pattern casting">Evaporative-pattern</a>
<ul><li><a href="Full-mold_casting" title="Full-mold casting">Full mold</a></li>
<li><a href="Lost-foam_casting" title="Lost-foam casting">Lost foam</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Investment_casting" title="Investment casting">Investment (Lost wax)</a></li>
<li><a href="Permanent_mold_casting" title="Permanent mold casting">Permanent mold</a></li>
<li><a href="Plaster_mold_casting" title="Plaster mold casting">Plaster mold</a></li>
<li><a href="Sand_casting" title="Sand casting">Sand</a></li>
<li><a href="Semi-solid_metal_casting" title="Semi-solid metal casting">Semi-solid metal</a></li>
<li><a href="Ceramic_mold_casting#Shaw_process" title="Ceramic mold casting">Shaw process</a></li>
<li><a href="Shell_molding" title="Shell molding">Shell molding</a></li>
<li><a href="Spin_casting" title="Spin casting">Spin</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Chill_(casting)" title="Chill (casting)">Chill</a></li>
<li><a href="Cope_and_drag" title="Cope and drag">Cope and drag</a></li>
<li><a href="Core_(manufacturing)" title="Core (manufacturing)">Core</a></li>
<li><a href="Flask_(metal_casting)" title="Flask (metal casting)">Flask</a></li>
<li><a href="Molding_sand" title="Molding sand">Molding sand</a></li>
<li><a href="Pattern_(casting)" title="Pattern (casting)">Pattern</a></li>
<li><a href="Riser_(casting)" title="Riser (casting)">Riser</a></li>
<li><a href="Sprue_(manufacturing)" title="Sprue (manufacturing)">Sprue</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Casting_defect" title="Casting defect">Casting defects</a></li>
<li><a href="Dross" title="Dross">Dross</a></li>
<li><a href="Foundry" title="Foundry">Foundry</a></li>
<li><a href="Ingot" title="Ingot">Ingot</a></li>
<li><a href="Semi-finished_casting_products" title="Semi-finished casting products">Semi-finished casting products</a></li>
<li><a href="Slag" title="Slag">Slag</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Forming,_fabrication,_and_finishing205" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="wrap">Forming, fabrication, and finishing</span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Metal_fabrication" title="Metal fabrication">Fabrication</a></li>
<li><a href="Piece_work" title="Piece work">Piece work</a></li>
<li><a href="Sheet_metal" title="Sheet metal">Sheet metal</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Forming processes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Coining_(metalworking)" title="Coining (metalworking)">Coining</a></li>
<li><a href="Casting_(metalworking)" class="mw-redirect" title="Casting (metalworking)">Casting (metalworking)</a></li>
<li><a href="Drawing_(manufacturing)" title="Drawing (manufacturing)">Drawing</a></li>
<li><a href="Electrohydraulic_forming" title="Electrohydraulic forming">Electrohydraulic forming</a></li>
<li><a href="Electromagnetic_forming" title="Electromagnetic forming">Electromagnetic forming</a></li>
<li><a href="Explosive_forming" title="Explosive forming">Explosive forming</a></li>
<li><a href="Extrusion" title="Extrusion">Extrusion</a></li>
<li><a href="Forging" title="Forging">Forging</a></li>
<li><a href="Hydroforming" title="Hydroforming">Hydroforming</a></li>
<li><a href="Stamping_(metalworking)" title="Stamping (metalworking)">Stamping</a></li>
<li><a href="Press_hardening" title="Press hardening">Press hardening</a></li>
<li><a href="Progressive_stamping" title="Progressive stamping">Progressive stamping</a></li>
<li><a href="Punching" title="Punching">Punching</a></li>
<li><a href="Rolling_(metalworking)" title="Rolling (metalworking)">Rolling</a></li>
<li><a href="Sinking_(metalworking)" title="Sinking (metalworking)">Sinking</a></li>
<li><a href="Metal_spinning" title="Metal spinning">Spinning</a></li>
<li><a href="Swaging" title="Swaging">Swaging</a></li>
<li><a href="Tube_bending" title="Tube bending">Tube bending</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Joining processes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Brazing" title="Brazing">Brazing</a></li>
<li><a href="Crimp_(joining)" title="Crimp (joining)">Crimping</a></li>
<li><a href="Rivet" title="Rivet">Riveting</a></li>
<li><a href="Soldering" title="Soldering">Soldering</a></li>
<li><a href="Welding" title="Welding">Welding</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Surface_finishing" title="Surface finishing">Finishing processes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Anodizing" title="Anodizing">Anodizing</a></li>
<li><a href="Galvanization" title="Galvanization">Galvanizing</a></li>
<li><a href="Heat_treating" title="Heat treating">Heat treating</a></li>
<li><a href="Mass_finishing" title="Mass finishing">Mass finishing</a></li>
<li><a href="Patina" title="Patina">Patination</a></li>
<li><a href="Peening" title="Peening">Peening</a></li>
<li><a href="Plating" title="Plating">Plating</a></li>
<li><a href="Polishing_(metalworking)" title="Polishing (metalworking)">Polishing</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Machining_and_computing354" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Machining and computing</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Computer-aided<br>engineering</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="2.5D_(machining)" title="2.5D (machining)">2.5D</a></li>
<li><a href="Computer-aided_design" title="Computer-aided design">CAD</a></li>
<li><a href="Computer-aided_manufacturing" title="Computer-aided manufacturing">CAM</a></li>
<li><a href="G-code" title="G-code">G-code</a></li>
<li><a href="Numerical_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Numerical control">Numerical control (NC and CNC)</a></li>
<li><a href="Stewart_platform" title="Stewart platform">Stewart platform</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Drilling and<br>threading</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Die_head" title="Die head">Die head</a></li>
<li><a href="Drill" title="Drill">Drill</a></li>
<li><a href="Drill_bit" title="Drill bit">Drill bit</a></li>
<li><a href="Drill_bit_shank" title="Drill bit shank">Drill bit shank</a></li>
<li><a href="Drill_bit_sizes" title="Drill bit sizes">Drill bit sizes</a></li>
<li><a href="Drilling" title="Drilling">Drilling</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_drill_and_tap_sizes" title="List of drill and tap sizes">List of drill and tap sizes</a></li>
<li><a href="Tap_and_die" title="Tap and die">Tap and die</a></li>
<li><a href="Tap_wrench" title="Tap wrench">Tap wrench</a></li>
<li><a href="Threading_(manufacturing)" title="Threading (manufacturing)">Threading</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Grinding and<br>lapping</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Abrasive" title="Abrasive">Abrasive</a></li>
<li><a href="Abrasive_machining" title="Abrasive machining">Abrasive machining</a></li>
<li><a href="Angle_grinder" title="Angle grinder">Angle grinder</a></li>
<li><a href="Bench_grinder" title="Bench grinder">Bench grinder</a></li>
<li><a href="Coated_abrasive" class="mw-redirect" title="Coated abrasive">Coated abrasive</a></li>
<li><a href="Cylindrical_grinder" title="Cylindrical grinder">Cylindrical grinder</a></li>
<li><a href="Sharpening_stone#Diamond_plate" title="Sharpening stone">Diamond plate</a></li>
<li><a href="Flick_grinder" class="mw-redirect" title="Flick grinder">Flick grinder</a></li>
<li><a href="Grinding_(abrasive_cutting)" title="Grinding (abrasive cutting)">Grinding</a></li>
<li><a href="Grinding_dresser" title="Grinding dresser">Grinding dresser</a></li>
<li><a href="Grinding_machine" title="Grinding machine">Grinding machine</a></li>
<li><a href="Grinding_wheel" title="Grinding wheel">Grinding wheel</a></li>
<li><a href="Jig_grinder" title="Jig grinder">Jig grinder</a></li>
<li><a href="Lapping" title="Lapping">Lapping</a></li>
<li><a href="Sandpaper" title="Sandpaper">Sanding</a></li>
<li><a href="Sharpening_stone" title="Sharpening stone">Sharpening stone</a></li>
<li><a href="Spark_testing" title="Spark testing">Spark testing</a></li>
<li><a href="Surface_grinding" title="Surface grinding">Surface grinder</a></li>
<li><a href="Tool_and_cutter_grinder" title="Tool and cutter grinder">Tool and cutter grinder</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Machining</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Boring_(manufacturing)" title="Boring (manufacturing)">Boring</a></li>
<li><a href="Broaching_(metalworking)" title="Broaching (metalworking)">Broaching</a></li>
<li><a href="Electrical_discharge_machining" title="Electrical discharge machining">Electrical discharge machining</a></li>
<li><a href="Electrochemical_machining" title="Electrochemical machining">Electrochemical machining</a></li>
<li><a href="Electron-beam_machining" title="Electron-beam machining">Electron-beam machining</a></li>
<li><a href="End_mill" title="End mill">End mill</a></li>
<li><a href="Engraving" title="Engraving">Engraving</a></li>
<li><a href="Facing_(machining)" title="Facing (machining)">Facing</a></li>
<li><a href="Hobbing" title="Hobbing">Hobbing</a></li>
<li><a href="Jig_borer" title="Jig borer">Jig borer</a></li>
<li><a href="Machine_tool" title="Machine tool">Machine tool</a></li>
<li><a href="Machining" title="Machining">Machining</a></li>
<li><a href="Metal_lathe" title="Metal lathe">Metal lathe</a></li>
<li><a href="Milling_(machining)" title="Milling (machining)">Milling</a></li>
<li><a href="Milling_cutter" title="Milling cutter">Milling cutter</a></li>
<li><a href="Pantograph" title="Pantograph">Pantograph</a></li>
<li><a href="Photochemical_machining" title="Photochemical machining">Photochemical machining</a></li>
<li><a href="Planer_(metalworking)" title="Planer (metalworking)">Planer</a></li>
<li><a href="Reamer" title="Reamer">Reamer</a></li>
<li><a href="Rotary_transfer_machine" title="Rotary transfer machine">Rotary transfer machine</a></li>
<li><a href="Shaper" title="Shaper">Shaper</a></li>
<li><a href="Skiving_(metalworking)" title="Skiving (metalworking)">Skiving</a></li>
<li><a href="Turning" title="Turning">Turning</a></li>
<li><a href="Ultrasonic_machining" title="Ultrasonic machining">Ultrasonic machining</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Machine tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Angle_plate" title="Angle plate">Angle plate</a></li>
<li><a href="Chuck_(engineering)" title="Chuck (engineering)">Chuck</a></li>
<li><a href="Collet" title="Collet">Collet</a></li>
<li><a href="Fixture_(tool)" title="Fixture (tool)">Fixture</a></li>
<li><a href="Indexing_head" title="Indexing head">Indexing head</a></li>
<li><a href="Jig_(tool)" title="Jig (tool)">Jig</a></li>
<li><a href="Lathe_center" title="Lathe center">Lathe center</a></li>
<li><a href="Machine_taper" title="Machine taper">Machine taper</a></li>
<li><a href="Magnetic_switchable_device" title="Magnetic switchable device">Magnetic switchable device</a></li>
<li><a href="Mandrel" title="Mandrel">Mandrel</a></li>
<li><a href="Rotary_table" title="Rotary table">Rotary table</a></li>
<li><a href="Wiggler_(tool)" title="Wiggler (tool)">Wiggler</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Cutting_fluid" title="Cutting fluid">Cutting fluid</a></li>
<li><a href="Machining_vibrations" title="Machining vibrations">Machining vibrations</a></li>
<li><a href="Speeds_and_feeds" title="Speeds and feeds">Speeds and feeds</a></li>
<li><a href="Swarf" title="Swarf">Swarf</a></li>
<li><a href="Engineering_tolerance" title="Engineering tolerance">Tolerance</a></li>
<li><a href="Tool_and_die_maker" title="Tool and die maker">Tool and die making</a></li>
<li><a href="Tramp_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Tramp oil">Tramp oil</a></li>
<li><a href="Workpiece" title="Workpiece">Workpiece</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Smithing43" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Metalsmith" title="Metalsmith">Smithing</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Smiths</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Blacksmith" title="Blacksmith">Blacksmith</a></li>
<li><a href="Bladesmith" title="Bladesmith">Bladesmith</a></li>
<li><a href="Coppersmith" title="Coppersmith">Coppersmith</a></li>
<li><a href="Goldsmith" title="Goldsmith">Goldsmith</a></li>
<li><a href="Gunsmith" title="Gunsmith">Gunsmith</a></li>
<li><a href="Locksmithing" title="Locksmithing">Locksmith</a></li>
<li><a href="Pewter" title="Pewter">Pewtersmith</a></li>
<li>Sheet metal worker</li>
<li><a href="Silversmith" title="Silversmith">Silversmith</a></li>
<li><a href="Tinker" title="Tinker">Tinker</a></li>
<li><a href="Tinsmith" title="Tinsmith">Tinsmith</a></li>
<li><a href="Whitesmith" title="Whitesmith">Whitesmith</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Processes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Forging" title="Forging">Forging</a></li>
<li><a href="Pattern_welding" title="Pattern welding">Pattern welding</a></li>
<li><a href="Planishing" title="Planishing">Planishing</a></li>
<li><a href="Raising_(metalworking)" title="Raising (metalworking)">Raising</a></li>
<li><a href="Sinking_(metalworking)" title="Sinking (metalworking)">Sinking</a></li>
<li><a href="Swaging" title="Swaging">Swaging</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Anvil" title="Anvil">Anvil</a></li>
<li><a href="Forge" title="Forge">Forge</a></li>
<li><a href="Fuller_(metalworking)" title="Fuller (metalworking)">Fuller</a></li>
<li><a href="Hammer" title="Hammer">Hammer</a></li>
<li><a href="Hardy_tool" title="Hardy tool">Hardy tool</a></li>
<li><a href="Power_hammer" title="Power hammer">Power hammer</a></li>
<li><a href="Pritchel" title="Pritchel">Pritchel</a></li>
<li><a href="Steam_hammer" title="Steam hammer">Steam hammer</a></li>
<li><a href="Swage_block" title="Swage block">Swage block</a></li>
<li><a href="Trip_hammer" title="Trip hammer">Trip hammer</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Metalworking_tools333" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Metalworking tools</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cutting machines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Bandsaw" title="Bandsaw">Bandsaw</a></li>
<li><a href="Cold_saw" title="Cold saw">Cold saw</a></li>
<li><a href="Laser_cutting" title="Laser cutting">Laser</a></li>
<li><a href="Miter_saw" title="Miter saw">Miter saw</a></li>
<li><a href="Plasma_cutting" title="Plasma cutting">Plasma</a></li>
<li><a href="Water_jet_cutter" title="Water jet cutter">Water jet cutter</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cutting tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Broaching_(metalworking)" title="Broaching (metalworking)">Broach</a></li>
<li><a href="Burr_(cutter)" title="Burr (cutter)">Burr</a></li>
<li><a href="Chisel" title="Chisel">Chisel</a></li>
<li><a href="Counterbore" title="Counterbore">Counterbore</a></li>
<li><a href="Countersink" title="Countersink">Countersink</a></li>
<li><a href="End_mill" title="End mill">End mill</a></li>
<li><a href="File_(tool)" title="File (tool)">File</a></li>
<li><a href="Hand_scraper" title="Hand scraper">Hand scraper</a></li>
<li><a href="Milling_cutter" title="Milling cutter">Milling cutter</a></li>
<li><a href="Nibbler" title="Nibbler">Nibbler</a></li>
<li><a href="Oxy-fuel_welding_and_cutting" title="Oxy-fuel welding and cutting">Oxy-fuel cutting torch</a></li>
<li><a href="Reamer" title="Reamer">Reamer</a></li>
<li><a href="Shear_(sheet_metal)" title="Shear (sheet metal)">Shears</a></li>
<li><a href="Tipped_tool" title="Tipped tool">Tipped tool</a></li>
<li><a href="Tool_bit" title="Tool bit">Tool bit</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Forming tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Brake_(sheet_metal_bending)" title="Brake (sheet metal bending)">Brake</a></li>
<li><a href="Die_(manufacturing)" title="Die (manufacturing)">Die</a></li>
<li><a href="English_wheel" title="English wheel">English wheel</a></li>
<li><a href="Hydraulic_press" title="Hydraulic press">Hydraulic press</a></li>
<li><a href="Machine_press" title="Machine press">Machine press</a></li>
<li><a href="Punch_press" title="Punch press">Punch press</a></li>
<li><a href="Screw_press" title="Screw press">Screw press</a></li>
<li><a href="Stamping_press" title="Stamping press">Stamping press</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Metalworking_hand_tool" title="Metalworking hand tool">Hand tools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Clamp_(tool)" title="Clamp (tool)">Clamp</a></li>
<li><a href="Combination_square" title="Combination square">Combination square</a></li>
<li><a href="Drift_pin" title="Drift pin">Drift pin</a></li>
<li><a href="Hacksaw" title="Hacksaw">Hacksaw</a></li>
<li><a href="Hammer" title="Hammer">Hammer</a></li>
<li><a href="Hand_scraper" title="Hand scraper">Hand scraper</a></li>
<li><a href="Machinist_square" title="Machinist square">Machinist square</a></li>
<li><a href="Needlegun_scaler" title="Needlegun scaler">Needlegun scaler</a></li>
<li><a href="Piercing_saw" title="Piercing saw">Piercing saw</a></li>
<li><a href="Pliers" title="Pliers">Pliers</a></li>
<li><a href="Punch_(tool)" title="Punch (tool)">Punch</a></li>
<li><a href="Scriber" title="Scriber">Scriber</a></li>
<li><a href="Tap_and_die" title="Tap and die">Tap and die</a></li>
<li><a href="Tongs" title="Tongs">Tongs</a></li>
<li><a href="Vise" title="Vise">Vise</a></li>
<li><a href="Workbench" title="Workbench">Workbench</a></li>
<li><a href="Wrench" title="Wrench">Wrench</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Machine_tool" title="Machine tool">Machine tooling</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Angle_plate" title="Angle plate">Angle plate</a></li>
<li><a href="Chuck_(engineering)" title="Chuck (engineering)">Chuck</a></li>
<li><a href="Collet" title="Collet">Collet</a></li>
<li><a href="Fixture_(tool)" title="Fixture (tool)">Fixture</a></li>
<li><a href="Indexing_head" title="Indexing head">Indexing head</a></li>
<li><a href="Jig_(tool)" title="Jig (tool)">Jig</a></li>
<li><a href="Lathe_center" title="Lathe center">Lathe center</a></li>
<li><a href="Machine_taper" title="Machine taper">Machine taper</a></li>
<li><a href="Magnetic_switchable_device" title="Magnetic switchable device">Magnetic switchable device</a></li>
<li><a href="Mandrel" title="Mandrel">Mandrel</a></li>
<li><a href="Rotary_table" title="Rotary table">Rotary table</a></li>
<li><a href="Wiggler_(tool)" title="Wiggler (tool)">Wiggler</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Measuring instruments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Bore_gauge" title="Bore gauge">Bore gauge</a></li>
<li><a href="Calipers" title="Calipers">Caliper</a></li>
<li><a href="Center_gauge" title="Center gauge">Center gauge</a></li>
<li><a href="Indicator_(distance_amplifying_instrument)" title="Indicator (distance amplifying instrument)">Dial indicator</a></li>
<li><a href="Engineer's_blue" title="Engineer's blue">Engineer's blue</a></li>
<li><a href="Engineer's_spirit_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Engineer's spirit level">Engineer's spirit level</a></li>
<li><a href="Feeler_gauge" title="Feeler gauge">Feeler gauge</a></li>
<li><a href="Gauge_(instrument)" title="Gauge (instrument)">Gauge</a></li>
<li><a href="Gauge_block" title="Gauge block">Gauge block</a></li>
<li><a href="Go/no_go_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Go/no go gauge">Go/no go gauge</a></li>
<li><a href="Height_gauge" title="Height gauge">Height gauge</a></li>
<li><a href="Machinist_square" title="Machinist square">Machinist square</a></li>
<li><a href="Marking_blue" title="Marking blue">Marking blue</a></li>
<li><a href="Marking_gauge" title="Marking gauge">Marking gauge</a></li>
<li><a href="Marking_out" title="Marking out">Marking out</a></li>
<li><a href="Micrometer_(device)" title="Micrometer (device)">Micrometer</a></li>
<li><a href="Optical_comparator" title="Optical comparator">Optical comparator</a></li>
<li><a href="Radius_gauge" title="Radius gauge">Radius gauge</a></li>
<li><a href="Ruler" title="Ruler">Ruler</a></li>
<li><a href="Sine_bar" title="Sine bar">Sine bar</a></li>
<li><a href="Straightedge" title="Straightedge">Straightedge</a></li>
<li><a href="Surface_plate" title="Surface plate">Surface plate</a></li>
<li><a href="Tape_measure" title="Tape measure">Tape measure</a></li>
<li><a href="Thread_pitch_gauge" title="Thread pitch gauge">Thread pitch gauge</a></li>
<li><a href="Vernier_scale" title="Vernier scale">Vernier scale</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Metalsmith" title="Metalsmith">Smithing tools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Anvil" title="Anvil">Anvil</a></li>
<li><a href="Forge" title="Forge">Forge</a></li>
<li><a href="Fuller_(metalworking)" title="Fuller (metalworking)">Fuller</a></li>
<li><a href="Hardy_tool" title="Hardy tool">Hardy tools</a></li>
<li><a href="Pritchel" title="Pritchel">Pritchel</a></li>
<li><a href="Steam_hammer" title="Steam hammer">Steam hammer</a></li>
<li><a href="Swage_block" title="Swage block">Swage block</a></li>
<li><a href="Trip_hammer" title="Trip hammer">Trip hammer</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Welding111" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Welding</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Arc_welding" title="Arc welding">Arc welding</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Atomic_hydrogen_welding" title="Atomic hydrogen welding">Atomic hydrogen (Athydo/AHW)</a></li>
<li><a href="Electrogas_welding" title="Electrogas welding">Electrogas (EGW)</a></li>
<li><a href="Flash_welding" title="Flash welding">Flash</a></li>
<li><a href="Flux-cored_arc_welding" title="Flux-cored arc welding">Flux-cored (FCAW)</a></li>
<li><a href="Gas_metal_arc_welding" title="Gas metal arc welding">Gas metal (Microwire/MIG/GMAW)</a></li>
<li><a href="Gas_tungsten_arc_welding" title="Gas tungsten arc welding">Gas tungsten (Heliarc/TIG/GTAW)</a></li>
<li><a href="Plasma_arc_welding" title="Plasma arc welding">Plasma (PAW)</a></li>
<li><a href="Shielded_metal_arc_welding" title="Shielded metal arc welding">Shielded metal (Stick/MMA/SMAW)</a></li>
<li><a href="Submerged_arc_welding" title="Submerged arc welding">Submerged (SAW)</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_welding_processes" title="List of welding processes">Other processes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Electric_resistance_welding" title="Electric resistance welding">Electric resistance (ERW)</a></li>
<li><a href="Electron-beam_welding" title="Electron-beam welding">Electron-beam (EBW)</a></li>
<li><a href="Electroslag_welding" title="Electroslag welding">Electroslag (ESW)</a></li>
<li><a href="Exothermic_welding" title="Exothermic welding">Exothermic</a></li>
<li><a href="Forge_welding" title="Forge welding">Forge</a></li>
<li><a href="Friction_welding" title="Friction welding">Friction</a></li>
<li><a href="Friction_stir_welding" title="Friction stir welding">Friction stir (FSW)</a></li>
<li><a href="Friction_stud_welding" title="Friction stud welding">Friction stud</a></li>
<li><a href="Laser_beam_welding" title="Laser beam welding">Laser beam (LBW)</a></li>
<li><a href="Laser-hybrid_welding" title="Laser-hybrid welding">Laser-hybrid</a></li>
<li><a href="Magnetic_pulse_welding" title="Magnetic pulse welding">Magnetic pulse</a></li>
<li><a href="Oxy-fuel_welding_and_cutting" title="Oxy-fuel welding and cutting">Oxyacetylene (OAW)</a></li>
<li><a href="Spot_welding" title="Spot welding">Spot (RSW)</a></li>
<li><a href="Ultrasonic_welding" title="Ultrasonic welding">Ultrasonic</a></li>
<li><a href="Upset_welding" title="Upset welding">Upset</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Electrode" title="Electrode">Electrode</a></li>
<li><a href="Filler_metal" title="Filler metal">Filler metal</a></li>
<li><a href="Welding_helmet" title="Welding helmet">Helmet</a></li>
<li><a href="Welding_power_supply" title="Welding power supply">Power supply</a></li>
<li><a href="Robot_welding" title="Robot welding">Robot</a></li>
<li><a href="Shielding_gas" title="Shielding gas">Shielding gas</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related terms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Heat-affected_zone" title="Heat-affected zone">Heat-affected zone</a></li>
<li><a href="Photokeratitis" title="Photokeratitis">Photokeratitis</a></li>
<li><a href="Residual_stress" title="Residual stress">Residual stress</a></li>
<li><a href="Weldability" title="Weldability">Weldability</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li><a href="Casting" title="Casting">Casting</a></li>
<li><a href="Metal_fabrication" title="Metal fabrication">Fabrication</a></li>
<li><a href="Forming_processes" title="Forming processes">Forming</a></li>
<li><a href="Jewellery" title="Jewellery">Jewellery</a></li>
<li><a href="Machining" title="Machining">Machining</a></li>
<li><a href="Metallurgy" title="Metallurgy">Metallurgy</a></li>
<li><a href="Metalsmith" title="Metalsmith">Smithing</a></li>
<li><a href="Outline_of_metalworking" title="Outline of metalworking">Tools and terminology</a></li>
<li><a href="Welding" title="Welding">Welding</a></li></ul>
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